Intraspecific variations in Conus geographus defence-evoked venom and estimation of the human lethal dose.
Identifieur interne : 003776 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003775; suivant : 003777Intraspecific variations in Conus geographus defence-evoked venom and estimation of the human lethal dose.
Auteurs : Sébastien Dutertre [Australie] ; Ai-Hua Jin [Australie] ; Paul F. Alewood [Australie] ; Richard J. Lewis [Australie]Source :
- Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology [ 1879-3150 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : omega-Conotoxin GVIA.
- chemistry : Conus Snail.
- classification : Conus Snail.
- chemical , toxicity : omega-Conotoxin GVIA.
- Animals, Chromatography, Liquid, Humans, Proteomics, Species Specificity, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization.
Abstract
Conus geographus is the most dangerous cone snail species known, with reported human fatality rates as high as 65%. Crude venom gland extracts have been used to determine animal LD50 and to aid the isolation of several potent paralytic toxins. However, not only is the composition of injected venoms known to differ significantly from that in dissected venom glands, but also to vary according to predatory or defensive stimuli. Therefore, to study the venom that is directly relevant to human envenomation, the defense-evoked venom of several specimens of C. geographus was collected and analyzed by standard LC-MS methods. The molecular composition of individual defense-evoked venom showed significant intraspecific variations, but a core of paralytic conotoxins including α-GI, α-GII, μ-GIIIA, ω-GVIA and ω-GVIIA was always present in large amounts, consistent with the symptomology and high fatality rate in humans. Differences between injected and dissected venoms obtained from the same specimen were also evident. Interestingly, an apparent linear correlation between the dry weight/volume of injected venom and the size of the shell allowed extrapolation to a human lethal dose (0.038-0.029 mg/kg) from an historic fatal case of C. geographus envenomation, which may help in the management of future victims.
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.09.011
PubMed: 25301479
Affiliations:
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Electronic address: Sebastien.Dutertre@univ-montp2.fr.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 2 - CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Queensland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4072 Queensland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jin, Ai Hua" sort="Jin, Ai Hua" uniqKey="Jin A" first="Ai-Hua" last="Jin">Ai-Hua Jin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Queensland, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Queensland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4072 Queensland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alewood, Paul F" sort="Alewood, Paul F" uniqKey="Alewood P" first="Paul F" last="Alewood">Paul F. Alewood</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Queensland, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Queensland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4072 Queensland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, Richard J" sort="Lewis, Richard J" uniqKey="Lewis R" first="Richard J" last="Lewis">Richard J. Lewis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Queensland, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Queensland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4072 Queensland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology</title><idno type="eISSN">1879-3150</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Chromatography, Liquid</term><term>Conus Snail (chemistry)</term><term>Conus Snail (classification)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Proteomics</term><term>Species Specificity</term><term>Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization</term><term>omega-Conotoxin GVIA (chemistry)</term><term>omega-Conotoxin GVIA (toxicity)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Chromatographie en phase liquide</term><term>Conotoxine-oméga-GVIA ()</term><term>Conotoxine-oméga-GVIA (toxicité)</term><term>Conus ()</term><term>Humains</term><term>Protéomique</term><term>Spectrométrie de masse ESI</term><term>Spécificité d'espèce</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>omega-Conotoxin GVIA</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Conus Snail</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Conus Snail</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="toxicity" xml:lang="en"><term>omega-Conotoxin GVIA</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="toxicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Conotoxine-oméga-GVIA</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Chromatography, Liquid</term><term>Humans</term><term>Proteomics</term><term>Species Specificity</term><term>Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Chromatographie en phase liquide</term><term>Conotoxine-oméga-GVIA</term><term>Conus</term><term>Humains</term><term>Protéomique</term><term>Spectrométrie de masse ESI</term><term>Spécificité d'espèce</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Conus geographus is the most dangerous cone snail species known, with reported human fatality rates as high as 65%. Crude venom gland extracts have been used to determine animal LD50 and to aid the isolation of several potent paralytic toxins. However, not only is the composition of injected venoms known to differ significantly from that in dissected venom glands, but also to vary according to predatory or defensive stimuli. Therefore, to study the venom that is directly relevant to human envenomation, the defense-evoked venom of several specimens of C. geographus was collected and analyzed by standard LC-MS methods. The molecular composition of individual defense-evoked venom showed significant intraspecific variations, but a core of paralytic conotoxins including α-GI, α-GII, μ-GIIIA, ω-GVIA and ω-GVIIA was always present in large amounts, consistent with the symptomology and high fatality rate in humans. Differences between injected and dissected venoms obtained from the same specimen were also evident. Interestingly, an apparent linear correlation between the dry weight/volume of injected venom and the size of the shell allowed extrapolation to a human lethal dose (0.038-0.029 mg/kg) from an historic fatal case of C. geographus envenomation, which may help in the management of future victims.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li></country></list><tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dutertre, Sebastien" sort="Dutertre, Sebastien" uniqKey="Dutertre S" first="Sébastien" last="Dutertre">Sébastien Dutertre</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Alewood, Paul F" sort="Alewood, Paul F" uniqKey="Alewood P" first="Paul F" last="Alewood">Paul F. Alewood</name><name sortKey="Jin, Ai Hua" sort="Jin, Ai Hua" uniqKey="Jin A" first="Ai-Hua" last="Jin">Ai-Hua Jin</name><name sortKey="Lewis, Richard J" sort="Lewis, Richard J" uniqKey="Lewis R" first="Richard J" last="Lewis">Richard J. 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